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China today is in the midst of sweeping changes. The economy is roaring ahead. Millions of rural families are uprooting themselves in search of better lives in the city. Traditional ways of living, working, and playing are transforming. This image of China often gives an impression of instability, confusion, extreme inequality, and despair, but in fact, every country that has developed—including the United States—has undergone a similar process.

China in Transition, 91�Թ�’s latest curriculum-in-development, introduces high school students to modern China as a case study of economic development. What are the characteristics of the development process, and why does it occur? How is development experienced by the people who live through it, and how are their lives impacted? How do traditional cultural values—such as China’s emphasis on education—contribute to and/or evolve as a result of modernization? Students examine these questions and others as they investigate the roles that urbanization, migration, wealth, poverty, and education play in a country in transition.

This curriculum project represents a new and unique joint venture between 91�Թ� and the Rural Education Action Project (REAP) to bring modern China alive in U.S. high school classrooms. It is the first project of its kind for 91�Թ� and an exciting new intramural collaboration for FSI. “When I first heard about the work of REAP from Professor Scott Rozelle and his staff, I was immediately struck by the significance of REAP’s efforts to help students from poor rural households in China overcome obstacles and harvest their educational dreams,” says 91�Թ� Director Gary Mukai. “This grew into a REAP-91�Թ� collaborative, which has the goal of making REAP’s efforts and its many important lessons accessible to U.S. high school students through interactive, interdisciplinary activities.”

The partnership capitalizes on the strengths of both organizations, pairing REAP’s rigorous scholarship and field research in China with 91�Թ�’s expertise in curriculum development. The resulting synergies are helping to refine China in Transition into a rich and dynamic resource for high school classrooms. 

Much of the research for China in Transition was gathered in Fall 2010 by an international team of students who participated in REAP’s “Across the Pacific” program (ATP). The “Across the Pacific” team—which comprised students from 91�Թ� and Chinese universities such as Peking University, Tsinghua University, and Renmin University—conducted academic and field research to investigate key topics in modern China (e.g., its shifting economy, urbanization, migration trends, education system) and produced a collection of original multimedia content that will be incorporated into the final publication. These teaching resources, created by U.S. and Chinese college students, will soon be used to build cross-cultural understanding among high school students. 

REAP and 91�Թ� have worked in close consultation with each other throughout the curriculum development process, and they continue to work together to produce the final curriculum unit, due to be published in Fall 2011.

The 2011 91�Թ� catalog is now available.  91�Թ� has four curriculum units featured in this year's catalog.

Inter-Korean Relations: Rivalry, Reconciliation, and Reunification

This curriculum unit provides students with a multifaceted view of inter-Korean relations, asking them to study the relationship through the lenses of history, politics, economics, security, and socio-cultural and human dynamics. Finally, students apply their knowledge of inter-Korean relations to consider future prospects for the Korean peninsula.

Indigo: A Color That Links the World

This teacher's guide was developed specifically for teachers in the New York City Public Schools to encourage the use of Indigo: A Color That Links the World, Calliope: Exploring World History (September 2010, Volume 21, Number 1) and the study of the Silk Road in their classrooms. The indigo issue of Calliope and the teacher's guide were developed in collaboration with Yo-Yo Ma's Silk Road Project as part of its Silk Road Connect education initiative.

Early Encounters: The First Japanese Embassy to the United States, 1860

This graphic novel tells the story of the first Japanese diplomatic mission to leave Japan after over two centuries of isolation under the Tokugawa Shogunate. Chronicling encounters with foreign leaders, cross-cultural mishaps, and unlikely friendships that develop despite barriers of language and politics, the graphic novel follows the embassy's voyage to San Francisco, Washington D.C., and other cities on the East coast.

Sadako's Paper Cranes and Lessons of Peace

In collaboration with the Tribute World Trade Center Visitor Center (Tribute Center) in New York City, 91�Թ� has developed educational materials that help students to reflect upon the impact of September 11th and the humanitarian efforts that took place in the aftermath of the attack on the World Trade Center.

The Stanford Program on International and Cross-cultural Education (91�Թ�) honored two of the top students of the 2010 Reischauer Scholars Program (RSP) at the RSP Japan Day event at Stanford University on August 16, 2010. The RSP, an online course on Japan and U.S.-Japan relations that is offered to high school juniors and seniors across the United States, recognized the students based on their coursework and exceptional research essays.

The event featured opening remarks by Gary Mukai, 91�Թ� Director; Acting Consul General Hideyuki Mitsuoka, Consul General of Japan in San Francisco; and Professor Emeritus Daniel Okimoto, Stanford University. The program was highlighted by presentations by student honorees Rachel Waltman and Jiyoon Lee, who wrote research essays on changing roles of women in the workplace in Japan, and media censorship following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Named in honor of former Ambassador to Japan Edwin O. Reischauer, a leading educator and noted scholar of Japanese history and culture, the RSP annually selects 25-30 exceptional high school juniors and seniors from throughout the United States to engage in intensive study of Japan. Through Internet-based lectures and discussions, the program provides students with a broad overview of Japanese history, literature, religion, art, politics, economics, education, and contemporary society, with a focus on the U.S.-Japan relationship. Prominent scholars affiliated with Stanford University, the University of Tokyo, the University of Hawaii, and other institutions provide lectures and engage students in online dialogue. The RSP received funding for the first three years of the program from the United States-Japan Foundation. Funding for the 2007 and 2008 RSP was provided by the Center for Global Partnership, the Japan Foundation.

The RSP will begin accepting applications for the 2011 program in September 2010. For more information about the RSP, visit or contact Naomi Funahashi, RSP coordinator, at nfunahashi@stanford.edu.

During a recent trip to Seoul, May 23–31, 2010, 91�Թ� Director Gary Mukai gave a guest lecture on "19th and Early 20th Century Asian Immigration to the United States" to Hanyang University students enrolled in "Introduction to Comparative Education," which is offered through the College of Education. Professor Rennie Moon (Stanford, PhD ‘09, International Comparative Education) is the instructor of the course. Mr. Mukai encouraged the students to think about similarities and differences between Asian immigrant experiences in the United States with immigrant experiences in contemporary South Korea. Mr. Mukai was especially impressed with the students' comprehension of English. He said, "South Korea should be proud to have students of the caliber of those whom I met in Professor Moon's class."

In addition to her professorship, Professor Moon serves as a curriculum consultant to 91�Թ�. She and others on the 91�Թ� staff (Joon Seok Hong, HyoJung Jang, Se-Woong Koo, and Rylan Sekiguchi) are developing a comprehensive curriculum unit, "Inter-Korean Relations: Rivalry, Reconciliation, and Reunification," for U.S. high school students. This curriculum unit is part three in a three-part Korea-focused series. Part one is titled "U.S.-South Korean Relations" and part two is titled "Uncovering North Korea." Shorenstein APARC and Korean Studies Program Director Professor , who serves as the primary advisor of the series, is confident that the three-part series will heighten American students' knowledge of and interest in Korea-related issues. He stated, "This series is the first of its kind for U.S. high schools. Educating young Americans about the Korean peninsula and U.S.-Korean relations is critical to the future of the United States." 

Mr. Mukai commented, "When I think about people making a difference in U.S.-Korean relations, I think of scholars like Professor Moon and Professor Shin who educate students on both sides of the Pacific about the critical importance of U.S.-Korean relations." Mr. Mukai hopes that some of Professor Moon's students will consider attending graduate school at 91�Թ�.

On September 7th and 8th, 2009, 91�Թ� director Gary Mukai visited three public high schools in Okinawa as well as the Okinawa AmerAsian School. Most of the students at the Okinawa AmerAsian School have American fathers and Okinawan/Japanese mothers. While visiting the four schools, Gary had the chance to talk with many classes of students about what they would like American high school students to know about Okinawa. 91�Թ� plans to develop a short documentary on AmerAsians during the next year and a comprehensive curricular unit on U.S.-Okinawan relations in the near future.